This photo shows Frank Costello, who was a godfather in New York City. He survived an assassination attempt by Vinnie, the chin, Gigante. Gigante was given the contract by Vito Genovese, a rival Mob leader in New York City.
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This is the base of the brain as drawn by Vesalius in 1543. This drawing is shown courtesy of the National Library of Medicine. There is reason to believe that the primitive structures near the base of the brain are involved in rage and violence. The limbic areas of the brain are near the base.
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Here is another dissection of the brain shown courtesy of the National Library of Medicine.
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Shown here is a profile of the human brain drawn by Vicq-d'Azyr, a French anatomist, in 1786. It is presented courtesy of the National Library of Medicine.
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Shown here are brain neurons, presented courtesy of the National Library of Medicine. Another level which can be studied is the level of the neuron, which is studied using microscopy. Whether this is the best level to study violence is not clear. There could be chemicals that cause violence. Such chemicals could be catecholamines. Catecholamines are often neurotransmitters. Some violence is normal because it is necessary for survival. For example, self-defense is in this category.
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This photo is Vito Genovese, who wanted to be the boss of bosses in the 50's. He was a rival of Costello.
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This is the base of the brain as drawn by von Soemmerring in 1778. This is shown courtesy the National Library of Medicine.
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Shown here is another very old drawing of the brain from the History of Medicine Division of the National Library of Medicine. Early science books were written in Latin, which was almost a universal science language.
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Shown here is the brainstem, sometimes called the "reptilian brain". The cerebral cortex is not well developed in reptiles, and reptiles do commit violence. Reptiles have fear, rage, and other emotions. They do not speak, however. Violence may be in the reptilian brain. The drawing is courtesy of the National Library of Medicine. It may be that a study of gross anatomy may not be the best approach. A molecular approach, favored by Dr. Abram Hoffer, may be better. Hoffer has studied pellagra, a vitamin deficiency disease in which criminal behavior has been seen.
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Shown here is a cross-section of the human brain shown courtesy of the national Library of Medicine.
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