True Prophets and False Prophets
Vienna, Austria, was the birthplace of psychoanalysis, which was invented by Freud. The technique was soon adopted in Switzerland by Jung and Bleuler. Bleuler was famous for inventing the term "schizophrenia". Prior to that various names such as catatonia, hebephrenia, and dementia praecox were used. Oddly, Freud's teacher was Theodore Meynert, who was a brilliant neuroanatomist.
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Theodore Meynert wrote a textbook on psychiatry. He felt that the best approach was to look at the brain under a microscope. He reported gross changes in the frontal lobes. He reported tissue loss in this area. Meynert was severly criticized and was accused of brain "mythology". However, his findings were repeatedly confirmed regarding tissue loss.
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Shown here is a young Sigmund Freud. Freud was born in Czechoslovakia but moved to Vienna, Austria. Freud started out as a neuropathologist, which was the fashion in those days in German speaking countries. Later he advocated the use of cocaine, which he tried himself. As Freud was Jewish, he wisely left Austria for England in the 30's due to Nazi persecution.
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Shown here is Melanie Klein (1882-1960). The image is from the American Journal of Psychiatry website. Klein was born in Vienna, but her final years were in London ((1926-1960). She was famous for analytic theory. This author (Olson) rejects analytic theory. Kraepelin was correct when he criticized Freud and his followers for building "castles in the air". Nevertheless Vienna was definitely the birthplace of psychoanalysis. It later moved to the United States.
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Eric Kandel is an expert on neural science. He was born in Austria but is now in New York City. He shared the Nobel Prize in 2000. He is also Jewish. Another famous Jewish scientist is Dr. Julius Axelrod.
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Shown here is Eric Kandel getting the 2000 Nobel Prize for his work in neuroscience. His work was done in the United States, but Kandel was from Austria. The photo is from the Swedish website about the Nobel Prize.
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This flag clipart is from the CIA's World Factbook website, which is an extremely good site.
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This map is also taken from the same CIA website. The CIA has more than one website, but this is the World Facts site.
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Gregor Mendel is credited with founding genetic theory. He discovered certain laws of heredity.
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Shown here is Otto Rank, a colleague of Freud in the Vienna psychoanalytic school. The photo is from the American Journal of Psychiatry website. Although psychoanalysis has had limited success, nevertheless it does not harm people. Many other treatments, including insulin shock, were so dangerous that they had to be abandoned.
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This cover is from Amazon.com. Freud thought that dreams were a key to the subconscious mind. Unfortunately they are more likely random discharges in the brain, which would mean that an analysis of them is a waste of time.
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