In 1934 Dr. Asbjorn Folling of Norway made a brilliant discovery involving retarded children. Folling's disease, also called PKU, was named after him. Folling was born in 1888 and died in 1973. He was recognized by John F. Kennedy, the President of the United States, because the Kenndey family was interested in mental retardation.
Folling is now deceased, but his son, Dr. Ivar Folling, is following in his Father's footsteps.
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Shown here is the Father, Dr. Asbjorn Folling, in his later years. I obtained this clipart from www.fesoc.com, which is a website that I have just discovered and know little about.
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Shown here are Linus Pauling and Linus Pauling Jr. With the death of Linus Pauling, orthomolecular medicine suffered a great setback. However, Linus Pauling Jr. is carrying on his Father's work. The Father thought that mental retardation could be treated by orthomolecular medicine, including nutrients. A scientific study supported this view. The retarded children benefited from the nutrients. After the results came out this way, the scientist was no longer funded by the government. This photo is presented courtesy of the National Library of Medicine, which now recognizes the work of Pauling. While Pauling was alive the government rejected his views.
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Again this is from Dr. Chudler's site, Neuroscience for Kids. It shows the various lobes of the brain. Thinking is thought to take place largely in the frontal lobes, although the temporal lobes may also be involved.
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These are the divisions of the nervous system according to Dr. Chudler, the keeper of Neuroscience for Kids. Sigmund Freud and Anna Freud, his daughter, divided the mind into the ego, the id, and the superego. Both were born in Austria and both died in Gret Britain. Anna was born in 1895 and died in 1982. The mind is in the central nervous system.
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This clipart from Neurosceince for Kids shows the directions used in brain anatomy. Unfortunately a lot of medical jargon is used and should be learned by those reading medical journals and books.
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This image of John F. Kennedy was from Arthur's clipart website in South Africa. Arthur has clipart of famous people. Kennedy was the only President that I am aware of that showed much of an interest in the retarded. This may have been due to the fact that he had a retarded sister (Rosemary). The whole Kennedy family has donated a lot of money to help the retarded. Mrs. Schriver has advocated for the retarded, sometimes called the developmentaly disabled.
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This clipart is from Neuroscience for Kids, which is a brilliant website at Washington State University maintained by a doctor. The study of the brain may benefit mental retardation, which is often caused by errors in brain chemistry. A number of diets have been invented to treat various forms of mental retardation.
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This drawing of the brain is from Neuroscience for Kids, a website run by a doctor at Washington State University. It is one of many educational websites that are nonprofit. There is no doubt that the brain is abnormal in mental retardation. However, mental retardation is a cluster of many different diseases. Most of these are inborn errors of metabolism.
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There is some repetition in this website. This was done deliberately because this same biochemical pathway is abnormal in at least 3 different diseases. It is abnormal in PKU, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. The art is from the Washington State University website, funded by the taxpayers of the state of Washington and therefore largely in the public domain. This is Dr. Chudler's Neuroscience for Kids website, which is brilliant. In PKU there is a block in the formation of tyrosine leading to a low production of melanin. Melanin is formed from DOPA. Neuromelanin is formed from dopamine.
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Again the clipart is from Neuroscience for Kids. This shows you the midsaggital plane. Neuropathologists need to know the plane facts. Neuropathologists have reported gross findings in mental retardation. Some gross findings have been reported in schizophrenia, but most of the reports in schizophrenia have been of microscopic findings.
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