CURING THE TERRIBLE DISEASES These drawings were made in 1902 by the German scientist Wilhelm Wundt.
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Early Twentieth Century Medical Science
In 1920 psychoanalysis was in high fashion despite criticism from Emil Kraepelin of Germany. The German approach was largely to use neuropathology to study mental disease. In 1931 W. Spielmeyer addressed "The problem of the anatomy of schizophrenia" in a paper. Indeed it was a can of worms.
Kraepelin favored the medical model, which was supported by the brilliant work of the Italian scientist Buscaino in 1921. Buscaino reported grapelike formations in the brains of schizophrenics. Josephy (1930) reported cell sclerosis and fatty degeneration in the cortical layers.
Shown here is W. Spielmeyer, the brilliant German neuropathologist. At that time Germany had the most outstanding neuropathologists in the world, although the United States was starting to compete.
Vogt reported a progressive disintegration and disappearance of the tigroid substance and an increase in fat content (as well as other findings) in schizophrenia. Vacuolation of the cytoplasm was reported.
Shown here is a drawing of the retina made by Cajal in 1900. Cajal won the Nobel Prize in 1906.
In the 1940's a brilliant American star was rising. His name was Linus Pauling. Also shown here is Linus Pauling Jr., who is still alive and is a scientist.
This photo of Dr. Julius Axelrod is shown courtesy of the National Library of Medicine. In 1946 he began researching amines. American science had surpassed German science. For the rest of the century American and Russian scientists were predominant.

 

This photo shows Ceclile and Oskar Vogt looking at a very thin slice of the brain. The Vogts found anatomical variations in all cases of schizophrenia.
Shown here is the brilliant Italian scientist Camilo Golgi. The Golgi apparatus of the cell is named after him. Unfortunately I was not able to find an image of Buscaino.
Shown here is a drawing of the brain and spinal chord by Ramon y Cajal.
Shown here is a drawing by Cajal of the spines on the dendritic trees of the cells.
Shown here is Santiago Ramon y Cajal himself. Much of his time was spent at the microscope.