This drawing shows a pyramidal cell from the cerebral cortex. Work in this area was done by the brilliant Spanish Nobel Prize winner Ramon y Cajal. Golgi, who was mentioned in the web page "Microscopic Anatomy", was an Italian Nobel Prize winner. The Nobel Prize came out around the turn of the century between the 19th and 20th centuries. Pavlov won a prize for physiology.
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This drawing (from 1918) shows leukocytes in different varieties. Although this website is about psychiatry and neurology, which could ultimately take over psychiatry if it wanted to, blood cells are of great interest. Frohman & Gottlieb used red cells in their assay for schizophrenia. Russian workers have used white cells. Of course, those interested in hematology study these cells for their own relevance. For example, Linus Pauling once studied sickle cell anemia. Pernicious anemia, also of interest to Pauling, has symptoms similar to schizophrenia. It is treated by vitamin B12. This fact no doubt influenced Pauling's theories. Sickle cell anemia is hereditary.
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This is a human colorless corpuscle showing changes of shape over time. This drawing was made in 1918.
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This drawing shows platelets, which are involved in clotting. They have been used in assays in psychiatry because they do not contain oxygen. Wood et al, a British group, found increased uptake of tryptophan in platelets in depression. Depression was a more popular diagnosis in England than schizophrenia at the time of this study.
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These are Purkinje cells from the cerebellum. Purkinje was a brilliant 19th century histologist. At that time the Nobel Prize had not yet been started. Most of the brilliant 19th century work was done in Europe, although Dr. Huntington was from the US. Huntington's disease was named after him.
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These are neurons, which used to be called "nerve cells". Axons are labelled "a". The nucleus is labelled "c". Neurofibrils are labelled "d".
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These are medullated nerve fibers shown at a magnification of 350X.
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These are sections of medullated nerve fibers. The "axis-cylinder" is now called the "axon".
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These are transverse sections of the medullated fibers. Histologists use various stains to show various parts of the cell. The stain used here was osmic acid.
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This is another drawing using osmic acid as a stain. The magnification is 425X. All the drawings on this page were done using the light microscope. In the 1950's the electron microscope was developed. The electron microscope uses much larger magnifications. It has been used extensively in Russia by Orlavskya and Uranova and in Japan by Miyakawa and Tatetsu to study the brain in schizophrenia.
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