The Great American Medical Researchers
Some of the doctors which will be mentioned here have been extremely controversial, including Dr. Benjamin Rush. Rush was severely criticized by Dr. Peter Breggin in the latter's book "Toxic Psychiatry". However, Breggin's criticisms may have been too harsh. Breggin is under the delusion that there is no physcial basis for schizophrenia. He blames the "shrunken brains" on drug side effects. What he fails to mention, however, is that brain pathology in schizophrenia was repeatedly reported long before the invention of psychiatric drugs. In 1914 Cotton reported fat deposits in the brain in "dementia praecox", which was an old term for schizophrenia. This was confirmed by Southard, who was also from Harvard. Cotton thought that a toxic factor was involved because similar pathology was seen in alcoholism. Cotton was also confirmed by Walter Freeman. Unfortunately Freeman later endorsed lobotomy.
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In the 19th century Germany dominated medical research, but Dr. Huntington of the US got a disease named after him. Huntington demonstrated that the disease now named after him was genetic. He traced the family histories of those afflicted with the disease. This terrible basal ganglia disease has both psychiatric symptoms and neurological symptoms.
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This is Linus Pauling and his family. In 1954 he won his first Nobel Prize. This photo, as well as the Axelrod photo, is presented courtesy of the National Library of Medicine, which has been my main source of clipart. Pauling was born in 1901 and died in 1994. Pauling was possibly the most controversial American medical researcher due to his outspoken views (which were usually correct).
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The brain shown here is from the University of Wisconsin brain collection.
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Long after the death of Henry Gray, the famous 19th century British anatomist, Warren Lewis of the United States took up the torch. Here are engravings made by Lewis in 1918. These are both neuroglia cells. On the right is a spider cell.
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This is a clipart photograph from the Neuroscience for Kids website, which is the same site mentioned above. This is an educational website.
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The metabolism of neurotransmitters was studied by Dr. Arnold Friedhoff of the US and by others. Friedhoff was from New York University. He is famous for the "pink spot" hypothesis for schizophrenia. Unfortunately he is deceased. Only Elnora Van Winkle and myself are still promoting this theory.
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Dr. Julius Axelrod is shown in 1970. He is in a good mood because he was just awarded the Nobel Prize.
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Here is a piece of clipart from Neuroscience for Kids. Although this website (Curing the Terrible Diseases) is not desigened for kids, there are many adults who are not well educated. These adults can learn from this drawing, hopefully. Certain disabled adults often learn slowly, unfortunately.
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I am continuing to review Neuroscience for Kids because this author (Olson) recommends this site highly and because it is an American site. Show here is a bipolar neuron from the site.
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This is a clipart schematic of a multipolar neuron from Neuroscience for Kids.
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